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|
/*
* tsh - A tiny shell program with job control
*
* <Put your name and login ID here>
*/
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#define abs(x) (x >= 0 ? x : -x)
/* Misc manifest constants */
#define MAXLINE 1024 /* max line size */
#define MAXARGS 128 /* max args on a command line */
#define MAXJOBS 16 /* max jobs at any point in time */
#define MAXJID 1 << 16 /* max job ID */
/* Job states */
#define UNDEF 0 /* undefined */
#define FG 1 /* running in foreground */
#define BG 2 /* running in background */
#define ST 3 /* stopped */
/*
* Jobs states: FG (foreground), BG (background), ST (stopped)
* Job state transitions and enabling actions:
* FG -> ST : ctrl-z
* ST -> FG : fg command
* ST -> BG : bg command
* BG -> FG : fg command
* At most 1 job can be in the FG state.
*/
/* Parsing states */
#define ST_NORMAL 0x0 /* next token is an argument */
#define ST_INFILE 0x1 /* next token is the input file */
#define ST_OUTFILE 0x2 /* next token is the output file */
/* Global variables */
extern char **environ; /* defined in libc */
char prompt[] = "tsh> "; /* command line prompt (DO NOT CHANGE) */
int verbose = 0; /* if true, print additional output */
int nextjid = 1; /* next job ID to allocate */
char sbuf[MAXLINE]; /* for composing sprintf messages */
struct job_t
{ /* The job struct */
pid_t pid; /* job PID */
int jid; /* job ID [1, 2, ...] */
int state; /* UNDEF, BG, FG, or ST */ // 即未定义,后台,前台,挂起
char cmdline[MAXLINE]; /* command line */
};
struct job_t job_list[MAXJOBS]; /* The job list */
struct cmdline_tokens
{
int argc; /* Number of arguments */
char *argv[MAXARGS]; /* The arguments list */
char *infile; /* The input file */ // 输入重定向
char *outfile; /* The output file */ // 输出重定向
enum builtins_t
{ /* Indicates if argv[0] is a builtin command */
BUILTIN_NONE, // 啥都没有
BUILTIN_QUIT, // 退出
BUILTIN_JOBS, // 展示全部job
BUILTIN_BG, // 转为后台
BUILTIN_FG, // 转为前台
BUILTIN_KILL, // 杀死job
BUILTIN_NOHUP
} builtins; // 忽视SIGHUP,启动新进程
};
/* End global variables */
/* Function prototypes */
pid_t Fork(void);
void eval(char *cmdline);
void sigchld_handler(int sig);
void sigtstp_handler(int sig);
void sigint_handler(int sig);
/* Here are helper routines that we've provided for you */
int parseline(const char *cmdline, struct cmdline_tokens *tok);
void sigquit_handler(int sig);
void clearjob(struct job_t *job);
void initjobs(struct job_t *job_list);
int maxjid(struct job_t *job_list);
int addjob(struct job_t *job_list, pid_t pid, int state, char *cmdline);
int deletejob(struct job_t *job_list, pid_t pid);
pid_t fgpid(struct job_t *job_list);
struct job_t *getjobpid(struct job_t *job_list, pid_t pid);
struct job_t *getjobjid(struct job_t *job_list, int jid);
int pid2jid(pid_t pid);
void listjobs(struct job_t *job_list, int output_fd);
void usage(void);
void unix_error(char *msg);
void app_error(char *msg);
ssize_t sio_puts(char s[]);
ssize_t sio_putl(long v);
ssize_t sio_put(const char *fmt, ...);
void sio_error(char s[]);
typedef void handler_t(int);
handler_t *Signal(int signum, handler_t *handler);
/*
* main - The shell's main routine
*/
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
char c;
char cmdline[MAXLINE]; /* cmdline for fgets */
int emit_prompt = 1; /* emit prompt (default) */
/* Redirect stderr to stdout (so that driver will get all output
* on the pipe connected to stdout) */
dup2(1, 2);
/* Parse the command line */
while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "hvp")) != EOF)
{
switch (c)
{
case 'h': /* print help message */
usage();
break;
case 'v': /* emit additional diagnostic info */
verbose = 1;
break;
case 'p': /* don't print a prompt */
emit_prompt = 0; /* handy for automatic testing */
break;
default:
usage();
}
}
/* Install the signal handlers */
/* These are the ones you will need to implement */
Signal(SIGINT, sigint_handler); /* ctrl-c */
Signal(SIGTSTP, sigtstp_handler); /* ctrl-z */
Signal(SIGCHLD, sigchld_handler); /* Terminated or stopped child */
Signal(SIGTTIN, SIG_IGN);
Signal(SIGTTOU, SIG_IGN);
/* This one provides a clean way to kill the shell */
Signal(SIGQUIT, sigquit_handler);
/* Initialize the job list */
initjobs(job_list);
/* Execute the shell's read/eval loop */
while (1)
{
if (emit_prompt)
{
printf("%s", prompt);
fflush(stdout);
}
if ((fgets(cmdline, MAXLINE, stdin) == NULL) && ferror(stdin))
app_error("fgets error");
if (feof(stdin))
{
/* End of file (ctrl-d) */
printf("\n");
fflush(stdout);
fflush(stderr);
exit(0);
}
/* Remove the trailing newline */
cmdline[strlen(cmdline) - 1] = '\0';
/* Evaluate the command line */
eval(cmdline);
fflush(stdout);
fflush(stdout);
}
exit(0); /* control never reaches here */
}
// 一堆封装函数
pid_t Fork(void)
{
pid_t pid;
if ((pid = fork()) < 0)
unix_error("Fork error");
return pid;
}
int Open(char *pathname, int flags, mode_t mode)
{
int fd = open(pathname, flags, mode);
if (fd < 0)
{
unix_error("open error");
exit(1);
}
return fd;
}
int Dup(int oldfd)
{
int fd = dup(oldfd);
if (fd < 0)
{
unix_error("dup error");
exit(1);
}
return fd;
}
void Dup2(int oldfd, int newfd)
{
if (dup2(oldfd, newfd) < 0)
{
unix_error("dup2 error");
exit(1);
}
return;
}
void Close(int fd)
{
if (close(fd) < 0)
{
unix_error("close error");
exit(1);
}
return;
}
void Kill(pid_t pid, int sig)
{
if (kill(pid, sig) < 0)
{
unix_error("kill error");
exit(1);
}
return;
}
int Execve(char *filepath, char *const argv[], char *const envp[])
{
int exe = execve(filepath, argv, envp);
if (exe < 0)
{
printf("%s: Command not found\n", argv[0]);
exit(1);
}
return exe;
}
void Sigprocmask(int how, const sigset_t *set, sigset_t *oldset)
{
if (sigprocmask(how, set, oldset) < 0)
{
unix_error("sigprocmask error");
exit(1);
}
return;
}
void Sigfillset(sigset_t *set)
{
if (sigfillset(set) < 0)
{
unix_error("sigfillset error");
exit(1);
}
return;
}
void Sigaddset(sigset_t *set, int sig)
{
if (sigaddset(set, sig) < 0)
{
unix_error("sigaddset error");
exit(1);
}
return;
}
void Sigemptyset(sigset_t *set)
{
if (sigemptyset(set) < 0)
{
unix_error("sigemptyset error");
exit(1);
}
return;
}
/*
* eval - Evaluate the command line that the user has just typed in
*
* If the user has requested a built-in command (quit, jobs, bg or fg)
* then execute it immediately. Otherwise, fork a child process and
* run the job in the context of the child. If the job is running in
* the foreground, wait for it to terminate and then return. Note:
* each child process must have a unique process group ID so that our
* background children don't receive SIGINT (SIGTSTP) from the kernel
* when we type ctrl-c (ctrl-z) at the keyboard.
*/
// 处理外部命令
void external_command(struct cmdline_tokens tok, int bg, char *cmdline)
{
pid_t pid = 0;
sigset_t mask, prev_mask;
Sigemptyset(&mask); // 阻塞以下三个信号,防止竞争
Sigaddset(&mask, SIGCHLD);
Sigaddset(&mask, SIGINT);
Sigaddset(&mask, SIGTSTP);
Sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &mask, &prev_mask);
if ((pid = Fork()) == 0)
{
setpgid(0, 0); // 创建新子进程
Sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &prev_mask, NULL); // 恢复原来信号
if (Execve(tok.argv[0], tok.argv, environ) < 0)
exit(0);
}
else
{
Sigfillset(&mask); // 屏蔽全部信号
Sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &mask, NULL);
addjob(job_list, pid, bg ? BG : FG, cmdline); // 添加新job
Sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &prev_mask, NULL); // 恢复原来信号
if (!bg)
{
while (fgpid(job_list)) // 前台进程,挂起父进程直到子进程结束
sigsuspend(&prev_mask);
}
else
{
printf("[%d] (%d) %s\n", pid2jid(pid), pid, cmdline); // 直接输出
}
}
return;
}
// 将前台进程转化为后台进程
void turn_bg(struct cmdline_tokens tok)
{
int jid;
pid_t pid;
struct job_t *job;
if (tok.argv[1][0] == '%')
{
jid = atoi(tok.argv[1] + 1);
job = getjobjid(job_list, jid);
pid = job->pid;
}
else
{
pid = atoi(tok.argv[1]);
job = getjobpid(job_list, pid);
} // 找到对应的job
job->state = BG; // 改变状态
printf("[%d] (%d) %s\n", pid2jid(pid), pid, job->cmdline);
Kill(pid, SIGCONT); // 唤醒进程
return;
}
// 后台进程转前台进程
void turn_fg(struct cmdline_tokens tok)
{
int jid;
pid_t pid;
struct job_t *job;
sigset_t mask;
Sigemptyset(&mask);
if (tok.argv[1][0] == '%')
{
jid = atoi(tok.argv[1] + 1);
job = getjobjid(job_list, jid);
pid = job->pid;
}
else
{
pid = atoi(tok.argv[1]);
job = getjobpid(job_list, pid);
} // 找到对应进程
job->state = FG; // 改变状态
Kill(pid, SIGCONT); // 唤醒进程
while (fgpid(job_list)) // 挂起进程直到其结束
sigsuspend(&mask);
return;
}
// 杀死某个进程或进程组
void job_kill(struct cmdline_tokens tok, int sig)
{
pid_t pid;
int jid;
struct job_t *job;
if (tok.argv[1][0] == '%')
{
jid = atoi(tok.argv[1] + 1);
int new_jid = abs(jid);
job = getjobjid(job_list, new_jid);
if (!job)
{
if (jid < 0)
printf("%%%d: No such process group\n", jid);
else
printf("%%%d: No such job\n", jid);
return;
}
pid = job->pid;
} // 根据jid找到对应进程/组,并输出
else
{
pid = atoi(tok.argv[1]);
int new_pid = abs(pid);
job = getjobpid(job_list, new_pid);
if (!job)
{
if (pid < 0)
printf("(%d): No such process group\n", pid);
else
printf("(%d):No such job\n", pid);
return;
}
} // 根据pid找到对应进程/组,并输出
Kill(pid, sig); // 杀掉对应进程
return;
}
// 使后续指令忽略所有该信号
void job_nohup(char *cmdline)
{
sigset_t mask, prev_mask;
Sigemptyset(&mask);
Sigaddset(&mask, SIGHUP);
Sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &mask, &prev_mask);
eval(cmdline + 6); // 启动一个新子进程,忽略"nohup "字样
Sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &prev_mask, NULL); // 恢复信号屏蔽
return;
}
void eval(char *cmdline)
{
int bg; /* should the job run in bg or fg? */
struct cmdline_tokens tok;
/* Parse command line */
bg = parseline(cmdline, &tok);
if (bg == -1) /* parsing error */
return;
if (tok.argv[0] == NULL) /* ignore empty lines */
return;
// 文件重定向,如果存在输入输出文件,将标准输入输出重定向
int input = STDIN_FILENO;
int output = STDOUT_FILENO;
// 复制一份标准输入输出,便于恢复
int std_in = Dup(STDIN_FILENO);
int std_out = Dup(STDOUT_FILENO);
if (tok.infile)
{
input = Open(tok.infile, O_RDONLY, 0);
Dup2(input, STDIN_FILENO); // 将标准输入赋值为打开的只读文件
}
if (tok.outfile)
{
output = Open(tok.outfile, O_WRONLY, 0);
Dup2(output, STDOUT_FILENO); // 将标准输出赋值为打开的只写文件
}
switch (tok.builtins)
{
case BUILTIN_NONE:
external_command(tok, bg, cmdline); // 处理外部命令
break;
case BUILTIN_QUIT:
exit(0); // 直接退出
case BUILTIN_JOBS:
listjobs(job_list, output); // 调用辅助函数列出全部job
break;
case BUILTIN_BG:
turn_bg(tok); // 进程转后台
break;
case BUILTIN_FG:
turn_fg(tok); // 进程转前台
break;
case BUILTIN_KILL:
job_kill(tok, SIGTERM); // 进行默认信号的杀死进程
break;
case BUILTIN_NOHUP:
job_nohup(cmdline); // 忽略所有该信号,并启动新进程
break;
default:
break;
}
if (tok.infile)
{
Close(input);
Dup2(std_in, STDIN_FILENO); // 关闭输入文件并恢复标准输入
}
if (tok.outfile)
{
Close(output);
Dup2(std_out, STDOUT_FILENO); // 关闭输出文件并恢复标准输出
}
return;
}
/*
* parseline - Parse the command line and build the argv array.
*
* Parameters:
* cmdline: The command line, in the form:
*
* command [arguments...] [< infile] [> oufile] [&]
*
* tok: Pointer to a cmdline_tokens structure. The elements of this
* structure will be populated with the parsed tokens. Characters
* enclosed in single or double quotes are treated as a single
* argument.
* Returns:
* 1: if the user has requested a BG job
* 0: if the user has requested a FG job
* -1: if cmdline is incorrectly formatted
*
* Note: The string elements of tok (e.g., argv[], infile, outfile)
* are statically allocated inside parseline() and will be
* overwritten the next time this function is invoked.
*/
int parseline(const char *cmdline, struct cmdline_tokens *tok)
{
static char array[MAXLINE]; /* holds local copy of command line */
const char delims[10] = " \t\r\n"; /* argument delimiters (white-space) */
char *buf = array; /* ptr that traverses command line */
char *next; /* ptr to the end of the current arg */
char *endbuf; /* ptr to end of cmdline string */
int is_bg; /* background job? */
int parsing_state; /* indicates if the next token is the
input or output file */
if (cmdline == NULL)
{
(void)fprintf(stderr, "Error: command line is NULL\n");
return -1;
}
(void)strncpy(buf, cmdline, MAXLINE);
endbuf = buf + strlen(buf);
tok->infile = NULL;
tok->outfile = NULL;
/* Build the argv list */
parsing_state = ST_NORMAL;
tok->argc = 0;
while (buf < endbuf)
{
/* Skip the white-spaces */
buf += strspn(buf, delims);
if (buf >= endbuf)
break;
/* Check for I/O redirection specifiers */
if (*buf == '<')
{
if (tok->infile)
{
(void)fprintf(stderr, "Error: Ambiguous I/O redirection\n");
return -1;
}
parsing_state |= ST_INFILE;
buf++;
continue;
}
if (*buf == '>')
{
if (tok->outfile)
{
(void)fprintf(stderr, "Error: Ambiguous I/O redirection\n");
return -1;
}
parsing_state |= ST_OUTFILE;
buf++;
continue;
}
if (*buf == '\'' || *buf == '\"')
{
/* Detect quoted tokens */
buf++;
next = strchr(buf, *(buf - 1));
}
else
{
/* Find next delimiter */
next = buf + strcspn(buf, delims);
}
if (next == NULL)
{
/* Returned by strchr(); this means that the closing
quote was not found. */
(void)fprintf(stderr, "Error: unmatched %c.\n", *(buf - 1));
return -1;
}
/* Terminate the token */
*next = '\0';
/* Record the token as either the next argument or the i/o file */
switch (parsing_state)
{
case ST_NORMAL:
tok->argv[tok->argc++] = buf;
break;
case ST_INFILE:
tok->infile = buf;
break;
case ST_OUTFILE:
tok->outfile = buf;
break;
default:
(void)fprintf(stderr, "Error: Ambiguous I/O redirection\n");
return -1;
}
parsing_state = ST_NORMAL;
/* Check if argv is full */
if (tok->argc >= MAXARGS - 1)
break;
buf = next + 1;
}
if (parsing_state != ST_NORMAL)
{
(void)fprintf(stderr,
"Error: must provide file name for redirection\n");
return -1;
}
/* The argument list must end with a NULL pointer */
tok->argv[tok->argc] = NULL;
if (tok->argc == 0) /* ignore blank line */
return 1;
if (!strcmp(tok->argv[0], "quit"))
{ /* quit command */
tok->builtins = BUILTIN_QUIT;
}
else if (!strcmp(tok->argv[0], "jobs"))
{ /* jobs command */
tok->builtins = BUILTIN_JOBS;
}
else if (!strcmp(tok->argv[0], "bg"))
{ /* bg command */
tok->builtins = BUILTIN_BG;
}
else if (!strcmp(tok->argv[0], "fg"))
{ /* fg command */
tok->builtins = BUILTIN_FG;
}
else if (!strcmp(tok->argv[0], "kill"))
{ /* kill command */
tok->builtins = BUILTIN_KILL;
}
else if (!strcmp(tok->argv[0], "nohup"))
{ /* kill command */
tok->builtins = BUILTIN_NOHUP;
}
else
{
tok->builtins = BUILTIN_NONE;
}
/* Should the job run in the background? */
if ((is_bg = (*tok->argv[tok->argc - 1] == '&')) != 0)
tok->argv[--tok->argc] = NULL;
return is_bg;
}
/*****************
* Signal handlers
*****************/
/*
* sigchld_handler - The kernel sends a SIGCHLD to the shell whenever
* a child job terminates (becomes a zombie), or stops because it
* received a SIGSTOP, SIGTSTP, SIGTTIN or SIGTTOU signal. The
* handler reaps all available zombie children, but doesn't wait
* for any other currently running children to terminate.
*/
// 回收所有变化子进程
void sigchld_handler(int sig)
{
int old_errno = errno; // 存储旧errno,规则限制
sigset_t mask, mask_prev;
pid_t pid;
struct job_t *job;
int status;
int jid;
while ((pid = waitpid(-1, &status, WNOHANG | WUNTRACED | WCONTINUED)) > 0) // 遍历所有变化的子进程
{
job = getjobpid(job_list, pid); // 找到对应的job
if (!job)
continue; // 防止NULL解引用,好习惯
jid = job->jid;
if (WIFEXITED(status)) // 正常终止的子进程
{
Sigfillset(&mask);
Sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &mask, &mask_prev); // 屏蔽全部信号,保护全局数据结构
deletejob(job_list, pid); // 删除对应进程
Sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &mask_prev, NULL); // 恢复屏蔽的信号
}
if (WIFSIGNALED(status)) // 被信号终止的子进程
{
sio_put("Job [%d] (%d) terminated by signal %d\n", jid, pid, WTERMSIG(status)); // 输出相关信息
Sigfillset(&mask);
Sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &mask, &mask_prev); // 屏蔽全部信号,保护全局数据结构
deletejob(job_list, pid); // 删除对应进程
Sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &mask_prev, NULL); // 恢复屏蔽的信号
}
if (WIFSTOPPED(status)) // 被信号停止的子进程
{
sio_put("Job [%d] (%d) stopped by signal %d\n", jid, pid, WSTOPSIG(status)); // 输出相关信息
Sigfillset(&mask);
Sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &mask, &mask_prev); // 屏蔽全部信号,保护全局数据结构
job->state = ST; // 停止对应进程
Sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &mask_prev, NULL); // 恢复屏蔽的信号
}
if (WIFCONTINUED(status) && job->state == ST) // 收到SIGCONT被重启的进程
{
Sigfillset(&mask);
Sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &mask, &mask_prev); // 屏蔽全部信号,保护全局数据结构
job->state = BG; // 改变进程状态
Sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &mask_prev, NULL); // 恢复屏蔽的信号
}
}
if (pid < 0 && errno != ECHILD) // 如果没有需要回收的子进程,报错
{
unix_error("waitpid error");
}
errno = old_errno; // 恢复errno
return;
}
/*
* sigint_handler - The kernel sends a SIGINT to the shell whenver the
* user types ctrl-c at the keyboard. Catch it and send it along
* to the foreground job.
*/
void sigint_handler(int sig)
{
int old_errno = errno; // 存储旧errno,规则限制
sigset_t mask, mask_prev;
pid_t pid;
pid = fgpid(job_list); // 找到当前前台进程
if (pid)
{
Sigfillset(&mask);
Sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &mask, &mask_prev); // 屏蔽全部信号,保护全局数据结构
Kill(pid, SIGINT); // 给它发SIGINT信号
Sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &mask_prev, NULL); // 恢复屏蔽的信号
}
errno = old_errno; // 恢复errno
return;
}
/*
* sigtstp_handler - The kernel sends a SIGTSTP to the shell whenever
* the user types ctrl-z at the keyboard. Catch it and suspend the
* foreground job by sending it a SIGTSTP.
*/
void sigtstp_handler(int sig)
{
int old_errno = errno; // 存储旧errno,规则限制
sigset_t mask, mask_prev;
pid_t pid;
pid = fgpid(job_list); // 找到前台进程
if (pid)
{
Sigfillset(&mask);
Sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &mask, &mask_prev); // 屏蔽全部信号,保护全局数据结构
Kill(pid, SIGTSTP); // 给它发SIGTSTP信号
Sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &mask_prev, NULL); // 恢复屏蔽的信号
}
errno = old_errno; // 恢复errno
return;
}
/*
* sigquit_handler - The driver program can gracefully terminate the
* child shell by sending it a SIGQUIT signal.
*/
void sigquit_handler(int sig)
{
sio_error("Terminating after receipt of SIGQUIT signal\n");
}
/*********************
* End signal handlers
*********************/
/***********************************************
* Helper routines that manipulate the job list
**********************************************/
/* clearjob - Clear the entries in a job struct */
void clearjob(struct job_t *job)
{
job->pid = 0;
job->jid = 0;
job->state = UNDEF;
job->cmdline[0] = '\0';
}
/* initjobs - Initialize the job list */
void initjobs(struct job_t *job_list)
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < MAXJOBS; i++)
clearjob(&job_list[i]);
}
/* maxjid - Returns largest allocated job ID */
int maxjid(struct job_t *job_list)
{
int i, max = 0;
for (i = 0; i < MAXJOBS; i++)
if (job_list[i].jid > max)
max = job_list[i].jid;
return max;
}
/* addjob - Add a job to the job list */
int addjob(struct job_t *job_list, pid_t pid, int state, char *cmdline)
{
int i;
if (pid < 1)
return 0;
for (i = 0; i < MAXJOBS; i++)
{
if (job_list[i].pid == 0)
{
job_list[i].pid = pid;
job_list[i].state = state;
job_list[i].jid = nextjid++;
if (nextjid > MAXJOBS)
nextjid = 1;
strcpy(job_list[i].cmdline, cmdline);
if (verbose)
{
printf("Added job [%d] %d %s\n",
job_list[i].jid,
job_list[i].pid,
job_list[i].cmdline);
}
return 1;
}
}
printf("Tried to create too many jobs\n");
return 0;
}
/* deletejob - Delete a job whose PID=pid from the job list */
int deletejob(struct job_t *job_list, pid_t pid)
{
int i;
if (pid < 1)
return 0;
for (i = 0; i < MAXJOBS; i++)
{
if (job_list[i].pid == pid)
{
clearjob(&job_list[i]);
nextjid = maxjid(job_list) + 1;
return 1;
}
}
return 0;
}
/* fgpid - Return PID of current foreground job, 0 if no such job */
pid_t fgpid(struct job_t *job_list)
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < MAXJOBS; i++)
if (job_list[i].state == FG)
return job_list[i].pid;
return 0;
}
/* getjobpid - Find a job (by PID) on the job list */
struct job_t *getjobpid(struct job_t *job_list, pid_t pid)
{
int i;
if (pid < 1)
return NULL;
for (i = 0; i < MAXJOBS; i++)
if (job_list[i].pid == pid)
return &job_list[i];
return NULL;
}
/* getjobjid - Find a job (by JID) on the job list */
struct job_t *getjobjid(struct job_t *job_list, int jid)
{
int i;
if (jid < 1)
return NULL;
for (i = 0; i < MAXJOBS; i++)
if (job_list[i].jid == jid)
return &job_list[i];
return NULL;
}
/* pid2jid - Map process ID to job ID */
int pid2jid(pid_t pid)
{
int i;
if (pid < 1)
return 0;
for (i = 0; i < MAXJOBS; i++)
if (job_list[i].pid == pid)
{
return job_list[i].jid;
}
return 0;
}
/* listjobs - Print the job list */
void listjobs(struct job_t *job_list, int output_fd)
{
int i;
char buf[MAXLINE << 2];
for (i = 0; i < MAXJOBS; i++)
{
memset(buf, '\0', MAXLINE);
if (job_list[i].pid != 0)
{
sprintf(buf, "[%d] (%d) ", job_list[i].jid, job_list[i].pid);
if (write(output_fd, buf, strlen(buf)) < 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Error writing to output file\n");
exit(1);
}
memset(buf, '\0', MAXLINE);
switch (job_list[i].state)
{
case BG:
sprintf(buf, "Running ");
break;
case FG:
sprintf(buf, "Foreground ");
break;
case ST:
sprintf(buf, "Stopped ");
break;
default:
sprintf(buf, "listjobs: Internal error: job[%d].state=%d ",
i, job_list[i].state);
}
if (write(output_fd, buf, strlen(buf)) < 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Error writing to output file\n");
exit(1);
}
memset(buf, '\0', MAXLINE);
sprintf(buf, "%s\n", job_list[i].cmdline);
if (write(output_fd, buf, strlen(buf)) < 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Error writing to output file\n");
exit(1);
}
}
}
}
/******************************
* end job list helper routines
******************************/
/***********************
* Other helper routines
***********************/
/*
* usage - print a help message
*/
void usage(void)
{
printf("Usage: shell [-hvp]\n");
printf(" -h print this message\n");
printf(" -v print additional diagnostic information\n");
printf(" -p do not emit a command prompt\n");
exit(1);
}
/*
* unix_error - unix-style error routine
*/
void unix_error(char *msg)
{
fprintf(stdout, "%s: %s\n", msg, strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}
/*
* app_error - application-style error routine
*/
void app_error(char *msg)
{
fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", msg);
exit(1);
}
/* Private sio_functions */
/* sio_reverse - Reverse a string (from K&R) */
static void sio_reverse(char s[])
{
int c, i, j;
for (i = 0, j = strlen(s) - 1; i < j; i++, j--)
{
c = s[i];
s[i] = s[j];
s[j] = c;
}
}
/* sio_ltoa - Convert long to base b string (from K&R) */
static void sio_ltoa(long v, char s[], int b)
{
int c, i = 0;
do
{
s[i++] = ((c = (v % b)) < 10) ? c + '0' : c - 10 + 'a';
} while ((v /= b) > 0);
s[i] = '\0';
sio_reverse(s);
}
/* sio_strlen - Return length of string (from K&R) */
static size_t sio_strlen(const char s[])
{
int i = 0;
while (s[i] != '\0')
++i;
return i;
}
/* sio_copy - Copy len chars from fmt to s (by Ding Rui) */
void sio_copy(char *s, const char *fmt, size_t len)
{
if (!len)
return;
for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++)
s[i] = fmt[i];
}
/* Public Sio functions */
ssize_t sio_puts(char s[]) /* Put string */
{
return write(STDOUT_FILENO, s, sio_strlen(s));
}
ssize_t sio_putl(long v) /* Put long */
{
char s[128];
sio_ltoa(v, s, 10); /* Based on K&R itoa() */
return sio_puts(s);
}
ssize_t sio_put(const char *fmt, ...) // Put to the console. only understands %d
{
va_list ap;
char str[MAXLINE]; // formatted string
char arg[128];
const char *mess = "sio_put: Line too long!\n";
int i = 0, j = 0;
int sp = 0;
int v;
if (fmt == 0)
return -1;
va_start(ap, fmt);
while (fmt[j])
{
if (fmt[j] != '%')
{
j++;
continue;
}
sio_copy(str + sp, fmt + i, j - i);
sp += j - i;
switch (fmt[j + 1])
{
case 0:
va_end(ap);
if (sp >= MAXLINE)
{
write(STDOUT_FILENO, mess, sio_strlen(mess));
return -1;
}
str[sp] = 0;
return write(STDOUT_FILENO, str, sp);
case 'd':
v = va_arg(ap, int);
sio_ltoa(v, arg, 10);
sio_copy(str + sp, arg, sio_strlen(arg));
sp += sio_strlen(arg);
i = j + 2;
j = i;
break;
case '%':
sio_copy(str + sp, "%", 1);
sp += 1;
i = j + 2;
j = i;
break;
default:
sio_copy(str + sp, fmt + j, 2);
sp += 2;
i = j + 2;
j = i;
break;
}
} // end while
sio_copy(str + sp, fmt + i, j - i);
sp += j - i;
va_end(ap);
if (sp >= MAXLINE)
{
write(STDOUT_FILENO, mess, sio_strlen(mess));
return -1;
}
str[sp] = 0;
return write(STDOUT_FILENO, str, sp);
}
void sio_error(char s[]) /* Put error message and exit */
{
sio_puts(s);
_exit(1);
}
/*
* Signal - wrapper for the sigaction function
*/
handler_t *Signal(int signum, handler_t *handler)
{
struct sigaction action, old_action;
action.sa_handler = handler;
sigemptyset(&action.sa_mask); /* block sigs of type being handled */
action.sa_flags = SA_RESTART; /* restart syscalls if possible */
if (sigaction(signum, &action, &old_action) < 0)
unix_error("Signal error");
return (old_action.sa_handler);
}
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